In the years leading up to the turn of the century (millennium), the public gradually became aware of the 'Y2K scare', and individual companies predicted the global damage caused by the bug would require anything between $400 million and $600 billion to rectify. Computer systems' inability to distinguish dates correctly had the potential to bring down worldwide infrastructures for computer reliant industries. Many programs represented four-digit years with only the final two digits, making the year 2000 indistinguishable from 1900. The year 2000 problem, also commonly known as the Y2K problem, Y2K scare, millennium bug, Y2K bug, Y2K glitch, Y2K error, or simply Y2K, refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and after the year 2000. For the event, see Millennium celebrations.Īn electronic sign at École centrale de Nantes incorrectly displaying the year 1900 on 3 January 2000 (On the screen it translates to 'Welcome to the École centrale de Nantes (Central School of Nantes) 12:09 p.m. In subsequent chapters, these boundary conditions will be translated into the design of various sub component specifications.'January 1, 2000' redirects here. Examples of these sub blocks include low-noise amplifiers (LNA), mixers, and intermediate frequency (IF) amplifiers. Next we translate these boundary conditions into boundary conditions of the front end sub blocks. We then adopt specific receiver architecture and translate the boundary conditions imposed by the channel and the demodulator on the front end (specified in Chapter 1 in terms of communication concepts ) to circuit concepts (gain, noise figure, distortion). We first review some general philosophy on deciding the front end architecture. Specifically, in this chapter we discuss the architecture of the front end as well as the filters inside, and in the rest of the book we concentrate on the design of active components inside the front end.

In this chapter and the rest of the book, we emphasize this front end part of the communication system. We now redraw Figure 1.1 as Figure 2.1, with the receiver front end enclosed by dotted lines.

They are the modulator, demodulator, and channel part of the communication system. In Chapter 1 we focused on the blocks enclosed by dotted lines in Figure 1.1.

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